"In Pursuit of a Vision: Two Centuries of Collecting"

Colonists go gaga for teen poetry.

In 1770, Phillis Wheatley’s poem “On the Death of Mr. Whitefield” impressed a publisher so much that he printed it on broadsheets and sold them individually. Even more impressive? The 17-year-old Wheatley was both a woman and a slave, hardly the usual published author in colonial Massachusetts. But printer Isaiah Thomas—the founder of the American Antiquarian Society, no relation to the ill-fated former coach of the Knicks—was savvy enough to reserve the entire page for the ode. “Phillis’s poem, the fact that she was an African-American, really stirred the imagination,” says Hewes. “It brought her great fame.”

Sisters rescue documents from a burning building.

The account books from R.H. Dickinson & Brothers, a profitable Virginia slave-trading company, recorded America’s gruesome history—sample lines describe sales of “Man Sam,” “Girl Louisa” and countless others. These ledgers were almost lost to fire when Union troops sacked Richmond near the end of the Civil War, but two Quakers, sisters Lucy and Sarah Chase (who were teaching freed slaves at the time), marched into the empty offices to preserve the documents as evidence of the slave market. The Chases later wrote, “Thank God no more was written or ever will be written in that bloody register.” The act was dangerous, stresses Hewes, “but it would’ve burned up, and they really believed they were doing the right thing.”

Account Book of Slave Auctions

Vaccination debate makes front-page news.

Opinions were front and center in this 1722 edition of The New-England Courant, edited by James Franklin with an assist by his brother Benjamin. The artifact denounces smallpox inoculations, citing safety concerns—which are still hounding public health advocates today. “It’s the same darn debate in 1722,” says Hewes. (To be fair, the procedure was a bit dicier back then.) This also wasn’t the so-called “fair and balanced” press of today; the elder Franklin was the voice of the paper, and didn’t have to leave column inches for a rebuttal. As for little bro Benjamin, he just set the type and daydreamed about growing up to be a founding father.

Hawaiian kids get hooked on phonics.

How do you teach children to read when their language doesn’t have a written form? The same way they do it in kindergarten today. This primer O ke kumumua na na kamalii (which means “first lessons for children”) was printed in Oahu in 1822, and it phonetically spelled the words of a people that had never written before. “It’s charming,” says Hewes. “There was a long tie between Hawaii and New England missionaries, who took the presses there.” The trader that handed the book over to the AAS, James Hunnewell, inspired his descendants to continue collecting Hawaiian ephemera.