The best period dramas of all time to escape to another era

For all its pronounced weirdness, freak visionary Yorgos Lanthimos’s jet-black comedy of ill manners is nonetheless based in some level of truth: in the early 18th century, a lesbian love affair did purportedly occur between a gout-stricken Queen Anne (portrayed by Olivia Colman) and two combative cousins (Emma Stone, Rachel Weisz). But Lanthimos douses it all in his singularly odd aesthetic, lending the whole contentious affair a fever-dream quality. It’s the strangest entry on this list, and also the ickiest, making it perhaps the most accurate to the time period.

Met with a ‘meh’ in 1975, Stanley Kubrick’s 19th century epic is now regarded among his consensus masterworks. Initially intending to make a biopic of Napoleon, the director instead applied his research of the period to the long-winding story of a grifter-dullard (Ryan O’Neal, convincingly dim) stumbling into nobility against the backdrop of the Seven Years’ War. Emotionally cold and glacially paced, it doesn’t sound like a great way to spend three hours, but it’s oddly hypnotic, gorgeously mounted and technically breathtaking. And it’s now free to watch on YouTube, too.

Cate Blanchett made her grand debut as one of the best actors of her generation playing Queen Elizabeth I as she first takes over the throne from her late sister, inheriting a raft of problems, not the least of which being the scheming men in her vicinity who’d prefer to see someone else in charge, if you catch our drift. Director Shekhar Kapur comes at Elizabeth’s rise almost like a mob epic, and Blanchett brings an appropriately Brando-esque gravity to the role. That she lost Best Actress to Gwyneth Paltrow for Shakespeare in Love is one of the Oscars’ historical screw-ups.

For a certain generation, this is the definitive take on Jane Austen’s immortal comedy of manners – possibly even eclipsing the book itself. Don’t believe it? Read up on the recent 20th anniversary screenings, where the energy in the audience was somewhere between The Rocky Horror Picture and A Minecraft Movie: Matthew Macfadyen’s Fitzwilliam Darcy tromping through a dewy meadow to confirm his feelings for Keira Knightley’s hopelessly romantic Elizabeth Bennet is like the millennial literature major version of the chicken jockey scene. The whole thing is marvellously performed and sumptuously filmed by director Joe Wright. Frankly, no one should bother with another adaptation.

A tale of family dysfunction that’d make the Roys cringe, this aristo-classic has a cast for which the phrase ‘murderers row’ might as well have been invented. Peter O’Toole and Katharine Hepburn portray King Henry II and his estranged wife, Queen Eleanor, as they gather for Christmas in the year 1183. Naturally, it’s far from a merry night of nog and presents, and everyone has an ulterior motive: Henry is desperately clinging to power, while Eleanor looks to unite his sons – including John Castle, Nigel Terry and a young Anthony Hopkins, in the role that launched his screen career – against him. All of them volley around screenwriter James Goldman’s biting dialogue like a spiked shuttlecock, making this even more like historical Succession. 

With ornate, downright scrumptious set and costume design, a hip soundtrack and generally modern sensibility, Sofia Coppola effectively brought Marie Antoinette into the 21st century – to both the thrill and chagrin of many critics. Some rolled their eyes (and, in the case of its Cannes screening, audibly booed) at the notion of turning the life of one of history’s most complex figures into a glorified music video. But it’s hard to complain about placing style over substance when a movie is this stylish – Coppola creates a dazzling world anyone would want to live in, even if Kirsten Dunst’s vacuous portrayal of the doomed queen isn’t someone you’d necessarily want to live with.

Director Terence Davies specialises in depicting high emotional turmoil with painterly grace, and his adaptation of Edith Wharton’s classic 1905 novel proves to be an ideal pairing. In turn of the 20th century New York, a desperate woman (Gillian Anderson) infiltrates high society in search of a wealthy husband to pull her out of poverty, only for it to destroy her completely. Sure, it’s a bit weird to see Dan Aykroyd in something like this, playing a sketchy businessman, but Anderson is a revelation, casting off X-Files pigeonholing to express deep, existential pains with subtle devastation.   

Director John Madden’s Elizabethan romance about the made-up muse who shook William Shakespeare out of a years-long rut – leading to the creation of Romeo and Juliet and later, Twelfth Night – is one of those films whose lasting legacy actually got dinged by dominating the Academy Awards. By edging out Saving Private Ryan and Terrence Malick’s The Thin Red Line, it earned an ignominy it doesn’t quite deserve. Yes, it’s a trifle, but a charming one, with a pre-Goop Gwyneth Paltrow as Viola de Lesseps, the merchant’s daughter who inflames the Bard’s (Joseph Fiennes) creativity, among other things.

No, not that Macbeth, although there are some clear parallels. Based on the 1895 Russian novella Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, William Oldroyd’s adaptation tells a rather familiar tale for the genre: a young woman (Florence Pugh) is trapped in a loveless (and sexless) marriage to a man many years her senior, until she makes plans to dispatch him and run off with one of their servants (Cosmo Jarvis). But Lady Macbeth exudes an intensity uncommon in other period dramas with that same idea, owing much to Pugh’s simmering performance, which proved to be her big breakthrough.

Landing at No. 30 on Sight & Sound’s most recent critics poll of the greatest films of all-time, director Céline Sciamma’s quietly smouldering romantic drama is the definition of a modern classic. In 18th century France, a prickly aristocrat (Adèle Haenel) deigns to have her portrait painted by a talented young artist (Noémie Merlant), and the two soon find themselves embroiled in a passionate love affair. While the plot itself moves slowly, the emotional toll is almost overwhelming, aided by Claire Mathon’s stunning cinematography.  

Ang Lee brought a sharp eye for detail in bringing to life the beloved 1811 Jane Austen novel, but it’s the funny, touching screenplay from Emma Thompson that truly makes this adaptation sing. Thompson also stars as Elinor Dashwood, the oldest of three sisters whose lives are thrown into disarray after the sudden death of their father. Left a paltry inheritance, the siblings are forced to look for financial security through marriage – but their most eligible suitors leave something to be desired. Thompson won an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay, and rightly so – few have ever nailed Austen’s humour and insight on 19th century social mores so deftly.

One of the outliers in Martin Scorsese’s filmography, this adaptation of Edith Wharton’s tale of forbidden Victorian romance is nonetheless grittier and far less melodramatic than it would’ve been in another director’s hands. Daniel Day-Lewis is a nobleman newly engaged to the beautifully boring Winona Ryder, who finds himself inflamed by his fiancée’s free-thinking – and therefore disgraced and ostracised – cousin, played by Michelle Pfeiffer. It may seem odd to say, but in its depiction of a cloistered social circle with its own built-in rules and mores, you really don’t have to squint too hard to see traces of Scorsese’s signature gangster epics.

The downfall of Swinging 17th Century London is depicted through the trials and travels of a self-destructive medical student in director Michael Hoffman’s ambitious adaptation of the 1989 Rose Tremain novel. Robert Downey Jr, in the midst of his first renaissance as an actor, stars as Robert Merivel, a young physician who abandons his studies for a life of decadence in the court of King Charles II (Sam Neill), until he’s cast out onto the streets, endures the Black Plague and the Great Fire of London, and falls in love with a mentally unstable drifter, played by Meg Ryan. Indeed, it’s a bit overstuffed, but Downey is terrific, and the art direction won a justified Academy Award. 

Fifty years after the definitive Julie Christie-led version, Thomas Vinterberg offered up cinema’s fourth take on the much-loved 1874 Thomas Hardy tale. If it doesn’t quite snatch the crown, it brings Hardy’s classic story of love and fate into the 21st story in a highly effective manner. Carey Mulligan is brilliant as Bathsheba Everdene, a truly independent woman living in rural England in the mid-1800s, who is pursued by three very different suitors. Vinterberg brings a sense of minimalism to Hardy’s sweeping romance, yet the film pops off the screen with vibrant colours you can almost touch.

Anya Taylor-Joy is, well, an absolute joy as the titular meddlesome matchmaker in this adaptation of Jane Austen’s 1815 novel of manners. It’s far from the first film to take on the Austen classic – to say the least – and is perhaps among the least faithful to the source material, but it has a claim to being the best, thanks to Taylor-Joy’s performance and the visual panache of first-time director (and photographer by trade) Autumn de Wilde. 

‘Epic’ is an overused term in movies, but there’s no other way to describe Italian director Luchino Visconti’s sweeping depiction of the unification of Italy in the mid-19th century, as seen through the eyes of a Sicilian aristocrat hurtling toward obsolescence. His name is Don Fabrizio Corbera, played with detached authority by Burt Lancaster. Featuring maybe the greatest grand ball scene in cinema history, the movie is a stark departure from the neorealism Visconti is known for, but it exists today as his defining masterpiece, and time has hardly dulled its visual splendour.

Playing an elderly monarch’s declining mental state for laughs might not go over well with today’s audiences, but director Nicholas Hynter’s adaptation of the hit London stage play is as sensitive as it is silly. Yes, the focus is on the antics of Nigel Hawthorne as the ailing George III as he blunders through his reign while gradually succumbing to age (and possibly liver disease), and Hawthorne is hilariously great in the role he also played onstage. But it’s the quieter moments, depicting the tender relationship between the king and his wife, Queen Charlotte (Helen Mirren), that give the film a poignancy beyond the absurdity.

In this sardonically witty French production, a rural 18th century landowner (Charles Berling) attempts to improve his social status – and convince King Louis XVI to drain a fetid marsh taking up space in his village – by travelling to Versailles and skillfully insulting everyone around him, as was apparently the custom at the time. Directed by Patrice Leconte, Ridicule is a delightfully tart entry to the costume canon that’s been somewhat forgotten, but it plays like an Armando Iannucci joint – a less scathing, but still pointed, satire of the peculiarities of power. 

This pristine drama attempts to piece together the life of Dido Elizabeth Belle (Gugu Mbatha-Raw), the illegitimate mixed-race daughter of a British admiral and a Black woman from the West Indies who became the subject of historical fascination following the commission of a painting depicting her alongside her cousin, Lady Elizabeth Murray. Obviously, race relations are not a subject frequently explored in this kind of films, but director Amma Asante does a fine job examining Belle’s unique place in 18th century noble society, while also giving fans of the genre the romance and gorgeous costume design they expect.   

Before helming Barbie, Greta Gerwig took on the challenge of adapting another beloved piece of intellectual property – and given the strong feelings not just for the classic Louisa May Alcott novel but the previous 1994 film version, it may have been an even bigger risk. But Gerwig proves up to the task, bringing modern sass to Alcott’s Civil War-era coming-of-age drama without sacrificing the elements that give the book its pan-generational appeal. Of course, it helps when you’ve got an elite cast: Saoirse Ronan, Emma Watson, Florence Pugh and Eliza Scanlen step into the roles of the tightly-bonded March sisters, while Laura Dern is excellent as their outspoken mother.

Shot from the perspective of an unseen narrator – who may or may not be a ghost – director Alexander Sokurov’s camera drifts through the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg, condensing 300 years of Russian history into 96 minutes. But it’s far from being some simple virtual museum tour you might find on YouTube: as the camera continues to wander, exhibits come to life, with cameos from Peter the Great, Catherine the Great and Tsar Nicholas I. It ain’t Night at the Museum, either – the effect is genuinely dreamlike, and a truly one-of-a-kind experience.

Whit Stillman doing Jane Austen? It’s a strangely sensible combination, considering that both are chiefly preoccupied with the social conventions of their day, and indeed, Stillman turns in an especially wry adaptation of Austen’s epistolary novel Lady Susan. Kate Beckinsale shines as an 18th century widow looking to land herself a rich new husband, only to wind up intertwined in her teenage daughter’s attempts to woo her own breadwinner. The MVP, though, is Tom Bennett, who damn near steals the show as the wealthy doofus who somehow ends up competing for both their hands.

Keira Knightley seems like she was grown in a laboratory for the expressed purpose of starring in romantic period dramas. She is particularly well-cast in this bodice-ripper as Georgiana Cavendish, the smart, chic Duchess of Devonshire, who flailed against the restrictions placed on her as a woman living in 18th century aristocratic society – and especially her arranged marriage to aloof husband, the Duke of Devonshire (Ralph Fiennes). The movie doesn’t quite earn the seriousness director Saul Dibb seems to think it deserves, but both Knightley and Fiennes elevate the film above its flaws.

Max Ophüls’ maximalist depiction of the life and times of the titular 19th century dancer and courtesan is technically a biopic, but placing it within that genre does the scope and vision of the German director’s final film a major disservice. It’s far too grand for that, and in truth, its daring visual style – full of dizzying camera spins and breathtaking crane shots, not to mention the luminous Technicolor cinematography – is as much a tribute to Ophuls as its subject. Its narrative is largely fictional anyway, beginning with a down-and-out Montes working for a seedy American circus then flashing back, tableaux-style, through her various romances, with the likes of Franz Liszt and Bavaria’s King Ludwig I. But it remains a feast for the eyes, especially the filmmaker’s long-thought-lost original version, which was restored in 2008. 

Who you got: Scottish queen Mary Stuart or Queen Elizabeth I? Freshman director Josie Rourke gives the monarchal tête-à-tête between the two warring cousins the feeling of a 1500s political thriller. It got dinged for historical inaccuracies, but the sumptuous costume design was nominated for an Oscar, and stars Margot Robbie and Saoirse Ronan – as Liz and Mary, respectively – both received high marks.